At one time or another, almost every teen may appear to be depressed. Usually, the depression is slight and goes away with time. But some kinds of depression need medical intervention. With such an intervention, writing a prescription for Prozac (fluoxetine) or some other antidepressant drug (Figure 1.1) has become the first order of business. Yet, less than twenty years ago, adolescents were rarely diagnosed as depressed, much less given antidepressants. Today, however, teenagers are now receiving medications almost routinely for symptoms that can hardly be termed “depressive” — attention deficit disorder, social anxiety, or drug addiction, for example. Read the rest of this entry »

Apathy can be defined as an absence or suppression of emotion, feeling, concern or passion. Further, apathy is an indifference to things generally found to be exciting or moving.

A strong connection exists between apathy and mental disorders. Apathy is one of the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia. Many people with schizophrenia express little interest in the events surrounding them. Apathy can also occur in depression and depressive disorders. For example, people who are depressed and have  major depressive disorder or  dysthymic disorder often feel numb to events occurring around them, and do not derive pleasure from experiences that they once found enjoyable. Read the rest of this entry »

Pronunciation: lor-A-ze-pam
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number: 846-49-1
Formal Names: Ativan, Temesta
Type: Depressant (benzodiazepine class).
Federal Schedule Listing: Schedule IV (DEA no. 2885)
USA Availability: Prescription
Pregnancy Category: D

Lorazepam [Ativan, Temesta] Uses. This antianxiety drug is also known for its sedative properties and is used to promote sleep and to fight convulsions. The substance is given to treat status epilepticus, a dangerous condition in which people have one epileptic seizure after another, back-to-back. It can reduce and sometimes even eliminate vomiting from cancer chemotherapy.  Lorazepam has been used to treat LSD and methamphetamine overdose and has been a standard medicine to help alcoholics through the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Recreational sedative users report euphoria from lorazepam. When given experimentally in combination with other drugs, it has helped reduce depression. In contrast, experimentation using motion picture excerpts to evoke particular emotions found that lorazepam may reduce happy feelings and increase unhappy ones. One study found that lorazepam worked as well as alprazolam for treating panic attacks, and a case report tells of success in treating mania. Lorazepam has been used to cure both catatonia (in which people are frozen in place) and akathisia (compulsive moving around). Patients being prepared for surgery receive the drug to calm them and to cloud their memory of the event. Read the rest of this entry »

Pronunciation: feen-oh-BAR-bi-tall
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number: 50-06-6
Formal Names: Arco-Lase Plus, Donnatal, Gardenal, Luminal, Phenobarb, Phenobarbitone, Solfoton, Somnosan
Informal Names: Phennies, Phenos
Type: Depressant (barbiturate class).
Federal Schedule Listing: Schedule IV (DEA no. 2285)
USA Availability: Prescription
Pregnancy Category: D

Phenobarbital (Somnosan, Donnatal, Phenobarb, Luminal) Uses. This is one of the more familiar pharmaceuticals. For about a century it has been used as an anticonvulsant and was prescribed as a tranquilizer and as a migraine remedy, although all those functions are being superseded by more modern drugs. Phenobarbital is also given to treat cyclic vomiting in children and hyperbilirubinemia (a type of jaundice) in infants. The drug is used against epilepsy and against seizures with other causes, such as fever. The substance has cross-tolerance with alcohol and is given temporarily to help relieve withdrawal symptoms from opiates or alcohol. Despite acceptance of phenobarbital for that purpose, scientific proof is lacking for its usefulness in alcohol withdrawal. Read the rest of this entry »

Depression is a brain disorder. It can affect your thoughts, moods, feelings, behavior, and physical health. Unfortunately, many people still think it is “all in your head” and that if the person would only try harder, he or she could snap out of the depression. This is not true. Doctors now know that it is a medical disorder with a biological basis, just like diabetes or arthritis.

When we talk about depression, it is important to keep in mind that most people will experience some of the symptoms of depression during their lifetimes. It is natural to feel depressed when you lose a loved one, your marriage breaks up, or you are fired from your job. What distinguishes chronic depression from feeling sad about a situation is that depression affects your mood, bodily functions, and daily behavior, and it usually does not go away without treatment. Read the rest of this entry »

Pronunciation: kloh-NA-zuh-pam
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number: 1622-61-3
Formal Names: Iktorivil, Klonopin, Lansden, Rivotril
Type: Depressant (benzodiazepine class). See page 21
Federal Schedule Listing: Schedule IV (DEA no. 2737)
USA Availability: Prescription
Pregnancy Category: D

Clonazepam [Klonopin/Rivotril] Uses. Clonazepam is considered one of the more powerful benzodiazepine class drugs. Primary medical uses are against some kinds of convulsions, particularly in certain kinds of epilepsy, and against panic attacks. For persons suffering from panic attacks, measurements indicate the drug improves both quality of life and work productivity. The drug is also used as an antidepressant and to treat anxiety, catatonia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, the manic phase of manic-depressive behavior, and social phobia in general. A two-year follow-up study of persons receiving brief clonazepam treatment for social phobia found their improvement to be sustained after dosage stopped, and at the two-year mark they were doing better than a control group that had received a placebo. Clonazepam is sometimes preferred over alprazolam in treating anxiety because that condition seems less likely to reappear between doses of clonazepam than between doses of alprazolam. Read the rest of this entry »

Panic disorder is a widely spread anxious state that affects about 4% of all population. Women suffer from it six times more often than men. The typical start of a panic disorder is usually observed in adolescence and in the beginning of a mature age. Read the rest of this entry »

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What is the difference between Xanax and Xanax Retard? Is it important for a patient taking 1.0 mg before going to sleep?

Action of Xanax comes into force in 1-2 hours and lasts during 16 hours. Xanax Retard as a rule is taken by 1mg in 24 hours.

My doctor has prescribed me Xanax Retard but I could not find it in our drugstore. They offered me Alprazolam instead. I am not very clear in medicaments; however the doctor prescribed me Xanax Retard because of its convenient use (one time before going to bed) as a result of a long-term action. And what about Alprazolam?

As a matter of fact, Alpazolam is a generic drug of Xanax that is why their properties are almost similar. Read the rest of this entry »